Shinya Fukuda & Robert W Lam 
Sphincters [PDF ebook] 
Properties, Types and Applications

Sphincters prove effective in the mediation of the entrance or release of liquids and fluids. Many sphincters are used everyday in the normal course of digestion and vision. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the properties, types and applications of sphincters. Some of the topics discussed include the lower esophageal sphincter; imaging of the internal anal sphincter; the role of artificial urinary sphincter in female stress urinary incontinence; current and future artificial urinary sphincters in the treatment of male urinary incontinence and the role of satellite cells in the human external urethral sphincter.