This book provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the Israeli educational system, with a specific focus on the pivotal role of mathematics education in its improvement. The book emphasizes the importance of holistic learning and teaching of mathematics, encompassing various aspects, including innovative teaching methods and modern approaches aimed at promoting deep understanding and critical thinking among students.By drawing upon cutting-edge research and successful educational practices, the book offers valuable insights that are applicable to both educators and policymakers. These insights play a significant role in the continuous development and enhancement of the overall educational landscape. This book serves as an essential resource for those interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the broader process of education system improvement and, more specifically, the enhancement of mathematics education within the Israeli context, as well as in various other educational settings.