Jubilee edition of the classic text first published in 1963
Anaesthetists require a particularly specialized knowledge of anatomy
The anaesthetist must know intimately the respiratory passages, the major veins and the peripheral
nerves to deliver safe and effective pain control.
As one of the great teachers of anatomy, Professor Harold Ellis is eminently qualified to elegantly
provide the anatomical detail required of anaesthetists. Modern approaches to practice, including
the use of imaging to guide anaesthetic practice, add further depth to the fine full-colour anatomical
illustrations.
Designed for anaesthetists, Anatomy for Anaesthetists covers:
• The Respiratory Pathway, Lungs, Thoracic Wall and Diaphragm
• The Heart and Great Veins of the Neck
• The Peripheral Nerves
• The Autonomic Nervous System
• The Cranial Nerves
• The Anatomy of Pain
Clinical Notes throughout provide the clinical context for the anatomical detail. Designed for trainees, but of continuing relevance to practicing anaesthetists, and now in its Golden Jubilee edition, Anatomy for Anaesthetists provides a central pillar of anaesthetic knowledge.
Spis treści
Preface to the Ninth (jubilee) Edition xi
Foreword to the First Edition xiii
Introduction to the First Edition XIII
Acknowledgements to the Ninth (Jubilee) Edition xv
Part 1: The Respiratory Pathway, Lungs, Thoracic Wall and Diaphragm
The mouth 3
The palate 3
The nose 6
The paranasal sinuses 9
Blood supply 10
Nerve supply 11
Structure 13
The functions of the nose 13
The pharynx 15
The nasopharynx 15
The oropharynx 16
Vascular, lymphatic and nerve supply 17
The laryngopharynx 18
The structure of the pharynx 18
The muscles of the pharynx 19
Deglutition 21
The larynx 24
The laryngeal cartilages 24
The laryngeal ligaments 26
The muscles of the larynx 33
Blood supply 36
Lymph drainage 36
Nerve supply 37
Structure 42
The trachea 42
Relations 43
Vascular, lymphatic and nerve supply 46
The main bronchi 46
The pleura 48
The lines of pleural reflection 48
The intercostal spaces 51
The intercostal muscles 52
The neurovascular bundle 53
The mediastinum 56
The lungs 57
The lung lobes 61
The relationships at the root of the lung 62
The bronchopulmonary segments 63
Bronchoscopic anatomy 66
The structure of the lung and bronchial tree 67
The pulmonary blood supply 69
Lymphatics 71
Innervation 71
The development of the respiratory tract 71
The diaphragm 72
Anatomical features 72
The diaphragm as a muscle of respiration 75
The diaphragm and the ‘cardiac sphincter’ 75
The development of the diaphragm 76
Part 2: The Heart and Great Veins of the Neck
The pericardium 81
The heart 82
The chambers of the heart 84
The conducting system of the heart 88
The blood supply of the heart 89
Nerve supply 90
Surface markings 90
Developmental anatomy 92
The development of the heart 92
The development of the aortic arches and their derivatives 93
The fetal circulation 95
Congenital abnormalities of the heart and great vessels 96
The great veins of the neck 98
Part 3: The Vertebral Canal and its Contents
The vertebrae and sacrum 109
The vertebrae 109
The cervical vertebrae 109
The thoracic vertebrae 113
The lumbar vertebrae 114
The sacrum 120
Vertebral anomalies 125
The intervertebral ligaments 127
The spinal meninges 130
The dura mater 130
The arachnoid mater 131
The pia mater 131
The compartments related to the spinal meninges 132
The cerebrospinal fluid 136
The spinal cord 137
The structure of the cord 139
Blood supply 142
Part 4: The Peripheral Nerves
The spinal nerves 149
Meningeal relations 149
Vertebral relations 149
The paravertebral space 150
The posterior primary rami 151
The anterior primary rami 154
The cervical plexus 156
Formation of the plexus 156
Summary of branches 157
The stellate ganglion 161
The brachial plexus 165
Formation of the plexus 165
The relations of the brachial plexus 168
The branches of the brachial plexus 169
Supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus 174
Infraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus 174
Variations 188
The segmental innervation of the upper limb 190
The thoracic nerves 190
Anterior primary rami 190
The lumbar plexus 192
Formation of the plexus 193
Distribution of the lumbar plexus 195
The sacral and coccygeal plexuses 201
Formation of the plexuses 202
Relations 202
Summary of the branches of the sacral plexus 204
The collateral branches 204
The terminal branches 205
The sciatic foramina 219
The coccygeal plexus 219
The segmental innervation of the lower limb 220
Part 5: The Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction 225
Autonomic afferents 227
The sympathetic system 228
Spinal level 228
The sympathetic trunk 228
The ganglia of the sympathetic trunk 231
The plexuses of the sympathetic system 236
Higher sympathetic centres 239
The parasympathetic system 239
The cranial outflow 239
The sacral outflow 241
Afferent parasympathetic fibres 241
Part 6: The Cranial Nerves
Introduction 245
The basic plan of the cranial nuclei 245
The olfactory nerve (I) 247
The optic nerve (II) 249
The oculomotor nerve (III) 251
The trochlear nerve (IV) 253
The trigeminal nerve (V) 254
The ophthalmic nerve (V ′) 258
The maxillary nerve (V ′′) 261
The mandibular nerve (V ′′′) 268
The abducent nerve (VI) 275
The facial nerve (VII) 275
The auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve (VIII) 279
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) 281
The vagus nerve (X) 284
Course and relations 285
The branches and distribution of the vagus nerve 287
The accessory nerve (XI) 289
The hypoglossal nerve (XII) 290
Part 7: Miscellaneous Zones of Interest
The thoracic inlet 295
Outlines and boundaries 295
The 1st rib 295
Cervical ribs 297
Surface markings 297
The antecubital fossa 298
Boundaries 298
Roof 298
Contents 298
Structures of clinical importance 300
The orbit and its contents 303
The bony orbit 303
The orbital foramina 305
The subdivisions of the orbit 305
The eyeball 306
Contents of the eyeball 308
The orbital muscles 309
The fascial sheath of the eye 310
The eyelids and conjunctiva 311
The lacrimal apparatus 312
The abdominal wall 314
Landmarks 314
Fascia 315
Muscles 315
Blood supply 319
Nerve supply 319
Part 8: The Anatomy of Pain
Introduction 323
Classification of pain 324
Peripheral receptors and afferent fibres 324
Peripheral sensitization 325
Cutaneous nociceptors 325
Other somatic structures 325
Visceral nociception 326
The spinal cord and central projections 326
The dorsal horn 326
Ascending systems 328
Spinothalamic tract 328
Spinoreticular tract 329
Cerebral processing and the pain matrix 329
Modulation of pain signals 330
Cortical modulation 330
Descending inhibitory pathways 331
The gate control theory of pain 332
Central sensitization of pain 332
The autonomic nervous system and pain 333
Index 335
O autorze
Harold Ellis, CBE, MA, DM, MCh, FRCS, FRCP, FRCOG FACS (Hon) Clinical Anatomist, Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’s School of Biomedical Sciences; and Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, UK
Andrew Lawson, FFARCSI, FANZCA, FRCA, MSc Hon. Consultant in Pain Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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