Formaldehyde is a building block in the synthesis of many other compounds of specialized and industrial significance. It exhibits most of the chemical properties of other aldehydes but is more reactive. In this book, the authors discuss the chemistry, applications and role in polymerization of formaldehyde. Topics discussed include the properties of urea-formaldehyde resins for wood-based composites; electronic spectra of formaldehyde in aqueous solution; decontamination of indoor air pollutants of formaldehyde through catalytic oxidation over oxide supported noble metal nanocatalysts; indoor air monitoring using newly developed formaldehyde sensor elements and portable monitoring devices; unusual behavior during the electrochemical oxidation of formaldehyde; and an algebraic approach to estimate the PES of formaldehyde through the study of vibrational excitations.