David L. Hall & Roger T. Ames 
Thinking Through Confucius [PDF ebook] 

Thinking Through Confucius critically interprets the conceptual structure underlying Confucius’ philosophical reflections. It also investigates 'thinking, ’ or 'philosophy’ from the perspective of Confucius. Perhaps the philosophical question of our time is 'what is philosophy’. The authors suggest that an examination of the Chinese philosophy may provide an alternative definition of philosophy that can be used to address some of the pressing issues of the Western cultural tradition. This book finds an appropriate language for the interpretation of traditional Chinese philosophical thought — a language which is relatively free from the bias and presuppositions of Western philosophy.

Spis treści

Foreword by Robert Cummings Neville
Preface
Wade-Giles/Pinyin Conversion Table
Apologia
Some Uncommon Assumptions
1 An Immanental Cosmos

2 Conceptual Polarity

3 Tradition as Interpretive Context




I 'At fifteen my heart-and-mind were set upon learning. . . .’
1 The Conditions of Thinking

2 Learning (hsüeh)

3 Reflecting (ssu)

4 Realizing (chih)

4.1 Living up to One’s Word (hsin)

5 An Illustration: The Book of Songs




II ’. . . at thirty I took my stance. . . .’
1 Personal Articulation: Some Alternatives

2 The Mutuality of Ritual Action (li) and Signification (yi )

2.1 Ritual Action (li)

2.2 Signification (yi)

3 The Authoritative Person

3.1 Jen as Authoritative Person

3.2 Jen and Person Making

4 An Illustration: Po I and Shu Ch’i




III ’. . . at forty I was no longer of two minds. . . ’
1 The Primacy of Aesthetic Order

1.1 The Aesthetics of Praxis

2 The Masses (min)

2.1 Min and Jen

2.2 Individual Absoluteness and Individual Relativity

3 Effecting Sociopolitical Order (cheng )

3.1 Cheng and Cheng

3.2 Law and Ritual Action: Hsing , Fa and Li

3.3 Shame (ch’ih) and Guilt (tsui)

4 The Exemplary Person: Chün Tzu

4.1 The Chün Tzu as Model




IV ’. . . at fifty I realized the ming of t’ien. . . ’
1 The Question of Confucius’ Cosmology

2 T’ien and T’ien Ming

2.1 The Historical Development of T’ien

2.2 T’ien and Transcendence

2.3 T’ien Ming

3 Te

3.1 A Characterization of Te from Early Literature

3.2 Te A Philosophic Reconstruction

4 Tao

4.1 Confucius’ Understanding of Tao

4.2 Tao and Transcendence

5 T’ien-jen

5.1 Field and Focus

5.2 Confucian Religiousness

6 Confucian Cosmology as Ars Contextualis




V ’. . . at sixty my ear was attuned. . . ’
1 The Centrality of Communication

2 Sage (sheng jen ): A Philological and Literary Analysi

3 The Sage and the Ordering of Names (cheng ming)

3.1 The Aesthetic Character of Classical Chinese

3.2 Cheng Ming : The Ordering of Names

3.3 The Sage as Virtuoso

4 Shu : The Unifying Thread

4.1 Shu as 'Deference’

4.2 The Language of Deference

5 The Sage as Master of Communication

5.1 Allusive Analogy

5.2 Thinking as Attunement




VI ’. . . and at seventy I could give my heart-and-mind free rein without overstepping the mark.’
1 The Failings of Confucius

2 Opportunities for Engagement

3 Invitation to a Future




Endnotes
Bibliography of Works Cited
Finding List for Passages from the Analects
Index

O autorze

David L. Hall is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas, and author of
The Civilization of Experience: A Whiteheadian Theory of Culture; The Uncertain Phoenix: Adventures Toward a Post-Cultural Sensibility; and
Eros and Irony: A Prelude to Philosophical Anarchism.
Roger T. Ames, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, is author of
The Art of Rulership: A Study of Ancient Chinese Political Thought, a translator of classical Chinese texts, and assistant editor of Philosophy East and West.