Ignazio Licata & Ammar Sakaji 
Crossing in Complexity [PDF ebook] 
Interdisciplinary Application of Physics in Biological and Social Systems

The developments of theoretical physics in the field of complex systems and emergence has evidenced that many mathematical methods and traditional approaches can migrate towards biological and social systems. The deep physical explanation of such new vitality is simple in its essence and has to be searched in the universality of the emergence processes typical of the Middle Way suggested by the prophetic works of Anderson, Pines and Laughlin. In particular, the systems based on competition and co-operation and their sustainable dependence on the environment – well-known to the physicists since the Ising classical model – have provided a great deal of conceptual suggestions for the study of biological and social economic processes.