With the clue of China’s modernization, Common Sense of Modern Chinese History: An Authoritative Book Leading the Study of Modern Chinese History tells the modern history of China for nearly one hundred years from the beginning of the Opium War to the Anti Japanese War. In describing the modern history of China, the author sums up that "whether the Chinese can modernize will affect the rise and fall of the country". This paper expounds the changes made by the Chinese people in the face of the great changes in the world, and analyzes the reasons for the failure of these changes. This book leads the trend of modern history research and is recognized as the first work of modern history research in China.