Robert R. Hoffman 
Expertise Out of Context [PDF ebook] 
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making

Researchers have revealed that real expertise, while applied to well-defined tasks with highly circumscribed contexts, often stretches beyond its routine boundaries. For example, a medical doctor may be called upon to diagnose a rare disease or perform emergency surgery outside his or her area of specialization because other experts are not availab