Agricultural Production: Management, Opportunities and Challenges opens by discussing the Agricultural Transformation Action Plan launched in 2012 by the Nigerian Federal Government in an effort to make agriculture beneficial to all citizens. The authors present a study with the goal of determining if root and tuber crops’ value chains can be further improved. In order for farmers to reap the benefits of value chain and product diversification, the contribution of medical nutrition to the value chain of R&T crops needs to be investigated. Next, taking into account that the main parts of crisis impacted territories are occupied and controlled by illegally armed groups, the development of methods and algorithms for impact assessment based on indirect data is required. Therefore, the methodology of land-use assessment dynamics and agricultural production change in the areas impacted by low-intensity military crisis are described. Later, the authors examine the present migration phenomenon as one of the main economic, social, and political problem of our days. It is a clear consequence of current paths of development based on unequal growth, concentration of wealth and spread of poverty. This widespread problem involves about one billion people, many of them coming from African continent. The closing chapter discusses how to best raise agrarian output while safeguarding the surrounding environment in Pakistan. Since carefully fostered growth in the agricultural sector may have the potential to significantly propel export growth and increase export earnings, such practices can help boost the incomes and employment prospects for farmers and considerably raise domestic production which will augur economic development and food security in the country.