This esteemed reference work and professional resource, now substantially revised, integrates classic and cutting-edge research on how children and adolescents make meaning from text. The comprehension tasks and challenges facing students at different grade levels are explored, with attention to multiple text types and reading purposes. Preeminent researchers offer a range of perspectives–cognitive, neuroscientific, sociocultural, pedagogical, and technological–on key aspects of comprehension. Effective approaches to assessment, instruction, and intervention are reviewed. The volume also addresses issues in teaching specific populations, including struggling readers and English language learners. New to This Edition *A decades worth of significant research advances are reflected in 10 entirely new chapters. *Revised throughout to incorporate new studies and timely topics: the expanding role of technology, changing school populations, the Common Core standards, international research, and more. *Chapters on graphic, scientific, and multiple digital texts. *Chapters on fluency, professional learning, and literacy coaching.