André Geraque Kiffer 
Medieval Empires In Europe, 750 To 1453 [EPUB ebook] 

Religion, which in principle could be a pacifying human activity, was marked in the Medieval Age by clashes between two of the greatest, both in their early days, Islam and Christianity. In strategy the final clash in the Medieval Age pitted the Greek Orthodox Christianity of the dying Byzantine Empire against the Turkish Islam of the future Ottoman Empire. In geography the Medieval Age, in the history of mankind, witnessed the outline of the borders of the modern nations. Among the defining factors of these frontiers we can cite for Europe the linguistic differences, in Africa and Asia plus the differences between the ethnicities, and between the three continents the religious differences. In philosophy there was a period in the Medieval Age when almost all the works of the great ancient philosopher Plato were unknown, but before that and after the rediscovery of his texts (Petrarch in the XIV century had a Plato manuscript) he was read and taken as a reference point. In the simulation we will imagine that the rediscovery had occurred earlier, let s say in the so-called ‘Carolingian Renaissance’ from the year 787.