Charles Russo & Allan G. Osborne 
Section 504 and the ADA [EPUB ebook] 

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
1. Introduction: Education and the American Legal System
Key Concepts in This Chapter
Introduction
Sources of Law
Constitutions
Statutes and Regulations
Common Law
Court Systems
Finding Legal Materials
History
Exclusionary Practices
Civil Rights Movement
Equal Educational Opportunity Movement
A New Era for Students With Disabilities
The Right to an Appropriate Education Delineated
Landmark Litigation
Other Significant Cases
Legislative Response to PARC and Mills
Recommendations
References
2. Anti-Discrimination Legislation: An Overview of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans With Disabilities Act
Key Concepts in This Chapter
Introduction
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Individual With a Disability Defined
Otherwise Qualified Explained
Requirement to Provide Reasonable Accommodations
Application of Section 504 to Parents and Others Who Access a School
Americans With Disabilities Act
ADA′s Definition of Individual With a Disability
Exceptions
Five Titles of the ADA
Similarities Between Section 504 and the ADA
Summary
Recommendations
References
3. Students
Key Concepts in This Chapter
Introduction
Students in Elementary and Secondary Schools
Prohibition Against Discrimination
Definition of Disability
Otherwise Qualified Students With Disabilities
Reasonable Accommodations
Appropriate Education
Athletics
Testing Accommodations
Undue Burden
Section 504/ADA Service Plans
Students in Non-Public Schools
Admissions Examinations/Standards
Students in Higher Education
Discriminatory Practices Prohibited
Disability
Otherwise Qualified Students With Disabilities
Reasonable Accommodations
Summary
Recommendations for Practice
References
4. Employees
Key Concepts in This Chapter
Introduction
Discrimination Claims
Differential Treatment
Impairments Not Covered
Mitigation of Impairments
Disciplinary Action
Otherwise Qualified Individuals With Disabilities
Essential Job Functions
Reassignments
Failure to Meet Prerequisite Requirements
Poor Performance and Misconduct
Reasonable Accommodations
Accommodating Physical Challenges
Accommodating Disease and Illness
Reassignments
Relief Denied
Summary
Recommendations for Practice
References
5. Parents and the General Public
Key Concepts in This Chapter
Introduction
Applicable Provisions of Section 504 and the ADA
Public Entities
Public Accommodations
Private Institutions
Parents
General Public
Summary
Recommendations for Practice
References
6. Defenses, Immunities, and Remedies
Key Concepts in This Chapter
Introduction
Defenses
Eleventh Amendment Immunity
Sovereign Immunity Under Section 504
Sovereign Immunity Under the ADA
Effect on State Agencies and School Boards
Damages
Individual Defendants
Attorney Fees
Exhaustion of IDEA Administrative Remedies
Statute of Limitations
Summary
Recommendations for Practice
References
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Index

Allan G. Osborne, Jr. is the retired principal of the Snug Harbor Community School in Quincy, Massachusetts, a nationally recognized Blue Ribbon School of Excellence. During his 34 years in public education, he served as a special education teacher, a director of special education, an assistant principal, and a principal. He has also served as an adjunct professor of special education and education law at several colleges, including Bridgewater State University and American International University.Osborne earned an Ed D in educational leadership from Boston College and an MEd in special education from Fitchburg State College (now Fitchburg State University) in Massachusetts. He received a BA in psychology from the University of Massachusetts.Osborne has authored or coauthored numerous peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, monographs, and textbooks on legal issues in education, along with textbooks on other aspects of education. Although he writes and presents in several areas of educational law, he specializes in legal and policy issues in special education. He is the coauthor, with Charles J. Russo, of five texts published by Corwin, a SAGE company.A past president of the Education Law Association (ELA), Osborne has been an attendee and presenter at most ELA conferences since 1991. He has also written a chapter now titled ‘Students With Disabilities’ for the Yearbook of Education Law, published by ELA, since 1990. He is on the editorial advisory committee of West’s Education Law Reporter and is coeditor of the ‘Education Law Into Practice’ section of that journal, which is sponsored by ELA. He is also on the editorial boards of several other education journals.In recognition of his contributions to the field of education law, Osborne was presented with the Mc Ghehey Award by ELA in 2008, the highest award given by the organization. He is also the recipient of the City of Quincy Human Rights Award, the Financial Executives Institute of Massachusetts Principals Award, the Junior Achievement of Massachusetts Principals Award, and several community service awards.