This book has been written in a concise manner to include all fundamental aspects of polymer science including recent inventions in polymerizations and polymers. It covers atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), click chemistry as well as stereopolymerization, ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), group transfer polymerization (GTP), plasma polymerization etc. in addition to the usual polymerization mechanisms such as radical, ionic and step polymerizations. It also includes new developments of polymer science which are considered as hot topics of functional polymers like smart or intelligent polymers, light emitting polymers, conducting polymers, magnetic polymers, optically active and/or chiral polymers, liquid crystalline polymers, self-healing polymers, polymers for biomedical applications, dendrimers and/or dendritic polymers and polymer nanocomposites etc.