A wide variety of plant-derived compounds, including polyphenols, are present in the human diet and may protect against vascular diseases, cancers, viral infections, neurodegenerative processes and associated anti-inflammatory effects. Among these bioactive compounds, several studies revealed that resveratrol, a trans-3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene, found in various natural products may be one of the main wine micro-components responsible for health benefits. To better understand the origins of resveratrol, its cellular and molecular mechanisms in plants and humans, this book on resveratrol has been divided into chapters ranging from natural and industrial production to the latest scientific advances and clinical trials through the participation of leading scientists in each area covered in this book. The editors hope that this book may provide a valuable tool for graduate and Ph D students in sciences, biology, medicine and pharmacology and for scientist or clinicians working in this field or all the people using this polyphenol.