VOLCANOES
Since the publication of the first edition of Volcanoes in 2010, our world of volcanology has changed in exciting ways. Volcanoes have continued to erupt (some 61 eruptions with VEI magnitudes greater than 3 have taken place since 2010), and in this revised and updated edition, the authors describe the largest of these, and the ones that have had the most impact on society. Volcanoes, Second Edition, contains more than 80 new photographs and figures to better illustrate volcanic features and processes, with an updated Bibliography that includes important papers describing recent eruptions and new findings.
Volcanologic research is improving the foundations of knowledge upon which all our science rests, and we briefly summarize the most important of these advances and new research tools developed over the past eleven years. The most productive of these new tools are remotely operated, constantly monitoring volcanoes and their impacts on the Earth’s atmosphere from space and exploring new volcanic worlds beyond the bounds of Earth. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are now widely available to understand better the most active volcanoes on Earth – those beneath the sea.
This superlative textbook will enable students who may never see an erupting volcano to evaluate news stories about far-away eruptions, and to distinguish between overly sensational stories and factual reporting that puts facts in context. Emergency managers, land use planners, and civic officials also need to understand volcanic processes when their communities are threatened – this book will inform and guide them in their decision-making.
Avoiding overly technical discussions and unnecessary use of jargon, with the important needs of civil authorities, teachers and students particularly in mind, this second edition of Volcanoes will also be of interest to general readers who are interested in these fascinating and ever-changing features of our dynamic planet.
Tabela de Conteúdo
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction ix
1 An Introduction to Drawing for Interior Design 1
Understanding Orthographic Projection Drawings 5
Orthographic Projection Drawings for Interior Environments 7
Floor Plans 7
Interior Elevations 9
Sections 16
Reflected Ceiling Plans 18
Dimensions 19
Lettering 21
More about Orthographic Projections 22
2 The Design Process and Related Graphics 29
Programming 32
Diagrams and Programming Analysis Graphics 34
Programming Matrices 40
Schematic Design 43
Bubble Diagrams 43
Blocking Diagrams 43
Fit and Stacking Plans 47
Conceptual Design 47
Mood and Inspiration Boards 49
Schematic Presentation Graphics 51
Design Development 60
3 Paraline and Perspective Drawings 63
Paraline Drawings 64
Plan Oblique Drawings 65
Isometric Drawings 67
Perspective Drawings 68
Perspective Basics 68
One-Point Perspective 73
Two-Point Perspective 73
Three-Point Perspective 74
Developing Visual Skills 74
Ellipses 74
Use of Enclosing Boxes 74
4 Drawing and Sketching Interior Environments 81
Estimated One-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 81
Estimated Two-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 87
Prepared Perspective Grid Charts 92
Two-Point Plan Projection Method 94
Using Photographs 97
Drawing Composition and Cropping 99
5 Rendering by Hand 103
Rendering as Illumination 104
Materials, Media, and Tools 105
Rendering Media 106
Rendering Orthographic Projection Drawings 107
Rendering Simplified Shadows 108
Materials and Finishes 109
Color Rendering 111
Additional Tips for Manual Rendering 125
Rendering Perspective Drawings 126
Shadows in Perspective Renderings 126
Rendering Perspective Drawings without Color 126
Rendering Interior Perspectives in Color 132
Techniques and Tips for Perspective Rendering 135
Hybrid Rendering: Combining Hand and Digital Rendering 139
6 Sketch Up and Digital Modeling 143
Getting Started in Sketch Up 144
Sketch Up Drawing Basics 147
Drawing First Steps 147
Navigation Basics 149
Selection 149
More Drawing Basics 152
Creating Plan and Section Views 168
Exporting Files 169
Importing Files 170
Working from Imported CAD Files 171
Working with REVIT and Other File Types 173
Rendering and Materials Selection in Sketch Up 173
7 Digital Rendering 175
Rendering in Sketch Up 176
Sketch Up Extensions 181
Rendering with Photoshop 184
Getting Started with CAD- or Revit-Generated Drawings 184
Rendering Setup 186
Rendering Techniques and Options 189
Rendering Perspectives in Photoshop 197
Revit Rendering 206
8 Scale Models: Physical and Digital 209
Materials and Tools 210
Paperboard 211
Wood 215
Plastics and Foam 217
Additional Tools 217
Construction and Use of Models 219
Physical Scale Models in Professional Practice 224
Digital Fabrication and 3D Printing 228
Virtual Reality 234
9 Presenting Materials and Finishes 239
Materials and Media Used in Making Boards and Physical Presentations 243
Organization and Composition 250
Sample Presentation Board Organizational Approaches 250
Titles, Keys, and Legends 252
Tips for Materials Preparation 255
Digital Presentation 259
10 Making the Complete Presentation 263
Process and Presentation 267
Organization and Composition 268
Physical Presentations 268
Digital Presentation 273
Beyond the Board and Sheet 284
Graphic Design Components 287
Grids 287
Type 288
Creating Hierarchy 291
Public Speaking and Design Communication 293
Verbal Presentation Basics 296
A Few Words from the Experts 298
Appendix: Color Theory for Rendering 303
Index 305
Sobre o autor
About the Authors After a long career as a volcanologist with the US Geological Survey,
John P. Lockwood now resides on the slopes of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, where he is a geologic consultant and affiliate faculty at the University of Hawaii Hilo campus.
Richard W. Hazlett is a USGS Research Associate, University of Hawaii Hilo affiliate and Professor Emeritus from Pomona College who has spent decades researching volcanic terrains throughout much of Europe, North America and the Pacific.
Servando de la Cruz-Reyna is a Research Professor at the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Mexico (UNAM) and a founder member of the National Civil Protection System Advisory Scientific Committee for the active volcanoes of Mexico.
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