Joseph Mariani & Wolfgang Minker 
Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis [PDF ebook] 

Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis investigates the problem of automatic natural language understanding in a spoken language dialog system. The focus is on the design of a stochastic parser and its evaluation with respect to a conventional rule-based method. Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis will be of most interest to researchers in artificial intelligence, especially those in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition. It will also appeal to practicing engineers who work in the area of interactive speech systems.