Providing the framework for breakthroughs in nanotechnology, this landmark publication is the first comprehensive reference to cover both fundamental and applied physics at the nanoscale. After discussing the theoretical principles and measurements of nanoscale systems, the organization of the set follows the historical development of nanoscience. Each peer-reviewed chapter presents a didactic treatment of the physics underlying the nanoscale materials, applications, and detailed experimental results. State-of-the-art scientific content is enriched with fundamental equations and illustrations, many in color.