Paolo Frankl & Frieder Rubik 
Life Cycle Assessment in Industry and Business [PDF ebook] 
Adoption Patterns, Applications and Implications

1.1 Life Cycle Assessment (Le A): a fascinating and sophisticated tool The greening of the economy is not a new task, but it is a challenge for which a lot of tasks still have to be done. It is known that the main source of environ- mental deterioration by industry is not any more the chimneys and other process- related emissions, but the products and services produced. Products are regarded as carriers of pol Iution: they are not only a potential source of pol Iution and waste during their use; they are also a cause of resource depletion, energy consumption, and emissions du ring their life starting with the extraction of the raw materials and ending with their disposal (i.e. connecting production and consumption stages). The challenge of these decades is now the greening of products and services. The new focus on products (cp. Oosterhuisl Rubik/Schol I 1996) was introduced as a policy approach of shared responsibility in which different actors are in- volved along the life-cycle of a product, each having specific responsibilities.