William Binning, Ph.D., has long been active in Ohio politics and government. Currently Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Youngstown State University in Ohio, he has held both state and local positions in government and in a political party. In addition to co-authoring the Encyclopedia of American Parties, Politics and Elections (Greenwood), he has written numerous articles on state and local parties and elections in Ohio. Most of these appear in The State of the Parties (Rowman and Littlefield), a biennial series edited principally by John Green. He has also written on U.S. Senate and House Elections in Pennsylvania and Ohio in The Roads to Congress (Lexington Books), a biennial series edited by Robert Watson, and published on minor parties with John Green in two editions of Multiparty Politics in America (Rowman and Littlefield), edited by Paul Herrnson and John Green. He was the sole author of a chapter on Third Parties in The 2008 Presidential Election (Palgrave Mc Millan) edited by Erik Jones and Salvatore Vassallo. He occasionally writes on Ohio politics for the Ripon Forum.