Richard D. Scheuerman & Clifford E. Trafzer 
Hardship to Homeland [EPUB ebook] 
Pacific Northwest Volga Germans

Hardship to Homeland recounts Volga Germans’ unique story in a saga that stretches from Germany to Russia and across the Atlantic. Burdened by war and debt, life was extremely difficult for impoverished European peasants until a former German princess came to power. Seeking to increase borderland population, provide a buffer against Ottoman Empire incursions, and bring agricultural ingenuity to her country, Russian empress Catherine II issued a remarkable 1763 manifesto inviting Europeans to immigrate. Their passage paid, colonists would become Russian citizens, yet retain their language and culture. For the next four years, some 27, 000 settlers came–mostly from Hesse and the Palatinate–founding 104 communities along both banks of the Volga River near Saratov and introducing numerous agricultural innovations.

But the Russian Senate revoked the original settlement terms in 1871. Facing poor economic conditions and a forced Russian army draft, 100, 000 Volga Germans joined other immigrant waves to the New World. After a decade of hardship in the Midwest, some began moving to the Pacific Northwest, and their westward movement was one of the region’s largest single ethnic group migrations. From outposts in Washington State they spread throughout the Columbia Basin, along the coast, and into northern Idaho, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alberta, transforming their new homelands into centers of western productivity and significantly influencing North American religion, politics, and social development.

Hardship to Homeland is a revised and expanded reprint of
The Volga Germans: Pioneers of the Northwest, published in 1985 and long out of print. This edition offers a new introduction as well as Volga German folk stories from the Pacific Northwest, collected and retold by Richard D. Scheuerman, with illustrations by Jim Gerlitz.

Tabela de Conteúdo

Contents

Preface to the 2018 Edition
Preface to the 1980 Edition

Part I: Pacific Northwest Volga Germans
Introduction
1. The Program of Colonization under Catherine II
2. Colonial Development on the Volga
3. Immigration to the United States
4. Arrival in the Pacific Northwest
5. Regional Settlement and Expansion
6. Pioneering Mission Work
Epilogue

Part II: Volga German Stories from the Pacific Northwest
Introduction by Clifford E. Trafzer
Fidgen and the Orange Tree
The Gift
The Homeland Garden
Aurora’s Ghosts
The Golden Nichtsie

Appendix I: Emma S. Haynes Papers
Appendix II: Glossary
Notes
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors

Sobre o autor

Clifford E. Trafzer is the Distinguished Professor of History and the Rupert Costo Chair in American Indian Affairs at the University of California-Riverside.