Sheldon J. Segal 
Chorionic Gonadotropin [PDF ebook] 

This volume is devoted to the chemistry, immunology, molecular biology, and physiology of the human chorionic gonadotropin, he G. For this glycoprotein molecule the course from discovery to chemical deciphering covered about fifty years. It was in 1928 that Ascheim and Zondek reported that urine from pregnant women contains something that stimulates the ovaries of mice or rats. This provided the basis for the famous A-Z test for pregnancy and for the "rabbit test" modification introduced by Friedman. As researchers sought to find more sensitive responses to he G, they used a wide variety of species including the South African aquatic toad, Xenopus Zaevis, the terrestrial toad of South America, Bufo arinarus, and the African weaver finch, Eup Zeetes afra. The weaver finch feather reaction was particularly noteworthy, for it disclosed a non-gonadal response to he G/LH. In retrospect, this may have been an important evolutionary clue to the realization that the designation of the hormone as a "gonadotropin" may have been only partially descriptive of the molecule’s physiological function–a concept that is gaining attention, as the papers in this 1980 volume divulge.