Agnes Desolneux & David Mumford 
Pattern Theory [PDF ebook] 
The Stochastic Analysis of Real-World Signals

Pattern theory is a distinctive approach to the analysis of all forms of real-world signals. At its core is the design of a large variety of probabilistic models whose samples reproduce the look and feel of the real signals, their patterns, and their variability. Bayesian statistical inference then allows you to apply these models in the analysis o