This compilation presents original study results on the leading edge of neuroscience research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Included in this volume are major depressive disorder and white matter alterations as evaluated by recent neuroimaging techniques; the discussion of neuromodulation of the posterolateral hypothalamus has being effective in the treatment of chronic cluster headaches; comparative quantitative neuropathology of the sporadic and variant subtypes of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; dizziness in the elderly; morphosyntactic difficulties in the language of persons with Down Syndrome; innovations in stroke rehabilitation; akinetic-rigid and tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease; prescription characteristics of methylphenidate in a pediatric practices; and novel portable electroencephalograph for monitoring human brain activity prior to anxiety with balloon popping stimuli.