As an integral component of environmental policy, it has become essential to regulate and monitor toxic substances. Past emphasis has been primarily on analytical approaches to the detection of specific, targeted contaminants, thus allowing chemical characterisation. However, toxicity testing or biological assessment is necessary for ecotoxicological evaluation, and this offers marked benefits and advantages that complement chemical analysis.
Key issues to be addressed include identification of pertinent tests, reproducibility and robustness of these tests, and cost considerations.This book examines these issues and describes and explains the approaches that have been developed for environmental toxicity evaluations. Advantages, benefits and drawbacks of the strategies and methods are highlighted.
Directed equally at ecotoxicologists, industrial chemists, analytical chemists and environmental consultants, this book is written in a way that will prove helpful to both new and experienced practitioners.
Cuprins
1. Historical perspective and overview.
Jim Wharfe, Science Group, Environment Agency, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
2. Effective monitoring of the environment for toxicity.
Ian Johnson and Paul Whitehouse, Water Research Centre, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK, and Mark Crane, Crane Consultants, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, UK.
3. The nature and chemistry of toxicants.
Ulf Lidman, Department of Biology, University of Kalmar, Sweden.
4. Frameworks for the application of toxicity data.
Maria Consuelo Diaz-Baez and Bernard J. Dutka, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria Ambiental, Bogota, Colombia.
5. The aquatic environment.
William L. Goodfellow Jnr, EA Engineering Science and Technology, Sparks, Maryland, USA.
6. Biological methods for assessing potentially contaminated soils.
David J. Spurgeon, Claus Svendsen and Peter K. Hankard, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, UK.
7. Review of biomarkers and new techniques for in situ aquatic studies with bivalves.
Francois Gagné and Christian Blaise, Environment Canada, Montreal, Canada.
8. Environmental monitoring for genotoxic compounds.
Johan Bierkens, Ethel Brits and Luc Verschaeve, VITO Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium.
9. Approach to legislation in a global context: .
A – UK perspective .
Jim Wharfe, National Centre for Ecotoxicology and Hazardous Substances, Environment Agency, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
B – Netherlands perspective – Soils and Sediments .
Michiel Rutgers, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands and Piet den Besten, Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment (RIZA), Ministry of Transport, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
C – German perspective .
Hans-Jürgen Pluta and Monika Rosenberg, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany.
D – USA perspective .
Barbara Brown and Margarete Heber, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.
10. Case study: whole effluent assessment using a combined biodegradation and toxicity approach.
Graham F. Whale and Nigel S. Battersby, Shell R & T Centre, Chester, UK.
11. Potential future developments in ecotoxicology.
Wim De Coen, Geert Huyskens, Roel Smolders, Freddy Dardenne, Johan Robbens, Marleen Maras and Ronny Blust, Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
References .
Index .
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Despre autor
K. Clive Thompson is the Chief Scientist of Alcontrol Laboratories in the UK. He is an experienced and well-known environmetal researcher in analytical field.
Kirit Wadhia is an environmental consultant and experienced eco-toxicologist. He has served as President of UK Society of Environmental Toxicity and Analytical Chemistry (SETAC).
Andreas Loibner is the editor of Environmental Toxicity Testing, published by Wiley.
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