The chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One provides an overview of the evolution, development and production of aquaculture vaccines. Chapter Two discusses chronic fungal rhinosinusitis. Chapter Three focuses on congenital disorders that cause opthalmoplegia. Chapter Four discusses the roles of the inflammation amplifier and gateway reflexes in chronic inflammation. Chapter Five examines the clinical features, occurrence and treatment options of pyogenic granulomas. Chapter Six focuses on the biological aspects, that is the effects of sex steroids and sex steroid-related changes, on biological responses to social stress. Chapter Seven reviews male and female diet compositions of elasmobranch species. Chapter Eight provides a review of the prevention and treatment of morbid obesity. Chapter Nine explores the mechanistic underpinnings of recently-identified centrosome functions and the consequences of their disruption in human disorders such as microcephaly, cancer, ciliopathies, inflammation, diabetes and obesity. Chapter Ten investigates the migration behavior of functional melanocytes (MCs) in extracellular matrix proteins after Nd:YAG laser irradiation, and demonstrates the relevant mechanisms involved in repigmentation.