The official banking institutions for rural China are Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCCs). Although these co-ops are mandated to support agricultural development among farm households, since 1980 half of RCC loans have gone to small and medium-sized industrial enterprises located in, and managed by, townships and villages. These township and village enterprises have experienced highly uneven levels of success, and by the end of the 1990s, half of all RCC loans were in or close to default, forcing China’s central bank to bail out RCCs. In Prosper or Perish, Lynette H. Ong examines the bias in RCC lending patterns, focusing on why the mobilization of rural savings has contributed to successful industrial development in some locales but not in others.
Interweaving insightful and theoretically informed discussions of rural credit, development, governance, and bank bailouts, Ong identifies various sources for China’s uneven development. In the highly decentralized fiscal environment of the People’s Republic, successful industrialization has significant implications for rural governance. Local governments depend on revenue from industrial output to provide public goods and services; unsuccessful enterprises starve local governments of revenue and result in radical cutbacks in services. High peasant burdens, land takings without adequate compensation by local governments, and other poor governance practices tend to be associated with unsuccessful industrialization. In light of the recent liberalization of the rural credit sector in China, Prosper or Perish makes a significant contribution to debates within political science, economic development, and international banking.
Cuprins
Part I. Overview and Research Questions Chapter 1. Local Governments, Rural Credit, and Regional Development in ChinaAppendix: Case Study Indicators, Household Survey, and Sources Chapter 2. The Rural Financial System and Rural Development in China Part II. The Design of China’s Economic and Political Institutions Chapter 3. The Design of China’s Rural Credit Institutions Chapter 4. The Implications of Cadre Evaluation and Fiscal System for Local-Government BehaviorAppendix: Township Cadre Evaluation Criteria in Wenling County, Zhejiang Province Part III. Case Studies: Blind Men and the Elephant Chapter 5. Diverging Pathways to Prosperity: Privately Led vs. Local Government-Led Industrialization Chapter 6. The Local Government-Led Path to Rural DecayAppendix: Revenue and Expenditures of the Perished Townships ConclusionAppendix: List of Non-Survey Field Interviews, 2003–6Notes
Glossary of Chinese Terms
Index
Despre autor
Lynette H. Ong is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and at the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto.
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