The wealth derived from natural resources can have a tremendous impact on the economics and politics of producing countries. In the last quarter century, we have seen the surprising and sobering consequences of this wealth, producing what is now known as the ‘resource curse.’ Countries with large endowments of natural resources, such as oil and gas, often do worse than their poorer neighbors. Their resource wealth frequently leads to lower growth rates, greater volatility, more corruption, and, in extreme cases, devastating civil wars.
In this volume, leading economists, lawyers, and political scientists address the fundamental channels generated by this wealth and examine the major decisions a country must make when faced with an abundance of a natural resource. They identify such problems as asymmetric bargaining power, limited access to information, the failure to engage in long-term planning, weak institutional structures, and missing mechanisms of accountability. They also provide a series of solutions, including recommendations for contracting with oil companies and allocating revenue; guidelines for negotiators; models for optimal auctions; and strategies to strengthen state-society linkages and public accountability.
The contributors show that solutions to the resource curse do exist; yet, institutional innovations are necessary to align the incentives of key domestic and international actors, and this requires fundamental political changes and much greater levels of transparency than currently exist. It is becoming increasingly clear that past policies have not provided the benefits they promised. Escaping the Resource Curse lays out a path for radically improving the management of the world’s natural resources.
Cuprins
Foreword, by George Soros
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction: What Is the Problem with Natural Resource Wealth?, by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Joseph E. Stiglitz
Part I: Dealing with Oil Corporations
2. What Is the Role of the State?, by Joseph E. Stiglitz
3. How to Evaluate the Fiscal Terms of Oil Contracts, by David Johnston
4. How to Negotiate an Oil Agreement, by Jenik Radon
5. How Best to Auction Oil Rights, by Peter Cramton
Part II: Managing the Macroeconomy
6. Are Oil Producers Rich?, by Geoffrey Heal
7. How to Handle the Macroeconomics of Oil Wealth, by Jeffrey D. Sachs
8. The Political Economy of Natural Resource Funds, by Macartan Humphreys and Martin E. Sandbu
Part III: Handling the Politics
9. How Mineral-Rich States Can Reduce Inequality, by Michael L. Ross
10. Ensuring Fairness: The Case for a Transparent Fiscal Social Contract, by Terry Lynn Karl
11. Critical Issues for a Revenue Management Law, by Joseph C. Bell and Teresa Maurea Faria
12. Future Directions for the Management of Natural Resources, by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Appendices
1. Abridged Sao Tome and Principe Oil Law
2. Abridged Timor-Leste Oil Law
3. Glossary of Oil Terms
4. Web Site References
Contributors
Index
Despre autor
Macartan Humphreys is assistant professor of political science at Columbia University and publishes on the politics of economic policy making, bargaining theory, and rebel behavior in civil war. Jeffrey D. Sachs is the Director of The Earth Institute, Quetelet Professor of Sustainable Development, and Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University. He is also Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and President and Co-Founder of Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization aimed at ending extreme global poverty.He is author of hundreds of scholarly articles and many books, including The End of Poverty. Joseph E. Stiglitz is a University Professor at Columbia University and former chief economist and senior vice-president of the World Bank. Among his books is Globalization and Its Discontents, which has been translated into twenty-eight languages. In 2001 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics.
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