‘Vanity Fair’ is a novel written by English author William Makepeace Thackeray, first published as a serial from 1847 to 1848 and then in book form in 1848. The novel is set against the backdrop of early 19th-century England and follows the lives of two contrasting women, Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley, as they navigate the social hierarchy and strive for happiness and success.
Becky Sharp is a cunning and ambitious woman from a poor background who is determined to climb the social ladder by any means necessary. In contrast, Amelia Sedley is a gentle and naive young woman from a wealthy family who is guided by principles of kindness and loyalty.
As the story unfolds, the lives of Becky and Amelia intersect in various ways, and the novel explores themes such as ambition, love, friendship, and the corrupting influence of society. Thackeray’s narrative is marked by its sharp wit, keen social commentary, and satirical portrayal of the manners and morals of Victorian England.
‘Vanity Fair’ is celebrated for its richly drawn characters, complex plot, and insightful exploration of human nature. Thackeray’s use of an omniscient narrator allows him to provide commentary on the characters and events of the novel, adding depth and nuance to the story.
The title ‘Vanity Fair’ alludes to John Bunyan’s allegorical work ‘The Pilgrim’s Progress, ‘ in which Vanity Fair represents the materialistic and superficial temptations of the world. Thackeray’s novel similarly critiques the values of society and the emptiness of worldly pursuits, while also acknowledging the resilience and humanity of its characters.
‘Vanity Fair’ is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century and a masterpiece of English literature. It has been adapted into numerous films, television series, and stage productions, cementing its status as a classic of Western literature.