The current resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) is being sustained and fueled by the increasing incidence of resistance of M. tuberculosis strains to the most-effective (first-line) anti-TB drugs and association of active TB disease with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other underlying immunosuppressive conditions such as diabetes. In this book, the authors study the risk factors, drug resistance data and treatment methods for tuberculosis. Topics discussed include the global burden of TB and its public health crisis; new medicines to treat TB; rapid microcalorimetric detection of TB; meta-analysis and risk factors for tuberculosis susceptibility; Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for TB; and elucidating the action mode of the bi-substrate Inh A inhibitors as anti-tuberculosis agents through molecular dynamics simulations.