Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra : un livre pour tous et pour personne ( allemand : Also sprach Zarathustra : Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen ), également traduit par Ainsi parla Zarathoustra , est une uvre de fiction philosophique écrite par le philosophe allemand Friedrich Nietzsche ; il a été publié en quatre volumes entre 1883 et 1885. Le protagoniste est nominalement le Zoroastre historique .Une grande partie du livre se compose de discours de Zarathoustra sur une grande variété de sujets, dont la plupart se terminent par le refrain « Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra ». Le personnage de Zarathoustra est apparu pour la première fois dans le livre précédent de Nietzsche, La Science gaie (au §342, qui ressemble beaucoup au §1 du « Prologue de Zarathoustra » dans Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra ).Le style du Zarathoustra de Nietzsche a facilité des idées variées et souvent incompatibles sur ce que dit le Zarathoustra de Nietzsche. Les «[e]xplications et affirmations» données par le personnage de Zarathoustra dans cette uvre «sont presque toujours analogiques et figuratives». [1] Bien qu’il n’y ait pas de consensus sur ce que Zarathoustra veut dire lorsqu’il parle, il existe un certain consensus sur ce qu’il dit. Ainsi Spoke Zarathoustra traite des idées sur l’ Übermensch , la mort de Dieu , la volonté de puissance et la récurrence éternelle .
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Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 15 October 1844 25 August 1900 was a German philosopher. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and probably vascular dementia. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900, after experiencing pneumonia and multiple strokes.Nietzsche’s work spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and a related theory of masterslave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of life in response to both the ‘death of God’ and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterisation of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and his doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, music, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew inspiration from Greek tragedy as well as figures such as Zoroaster, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Wagner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
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