G. Geltner 
The Medieval Prison [PDF ebook] 
A Social History

The modern prison is commonly thought to be the fruit of an Enlightenment penology that stressed man’s ability to reform his soul. The Medieval Prison challenges this view by tracing the institution’s emergence to a much earlier period beginning in the late thirteenth century, and in doing so provides a unique view of medieval prison life.
G. Geltner carefully reconstructs life inside the walls of prisons in medieval Venice, Florence, Bologna, and elsewhere in Europe. He argues that many enduring features of the modern prison—including administration, finance, and the classification of inmates—were already developed by the end of the fourteenth century, and that incarceration as a formal punishment was far more widespread in this period than is often realized. Geltner likewise shows that inmates in medieval prisons, unlike their modern counterparts, enjoyed frequent contact with society at large. The prison typically stood in the heart of the medieval city, and inmates were not locked away but, rather, subjected to a more coercive version of ordinary life. Geltner explores every facet of this remarkable prison experience—from the terror of an inmate’s arrest to the moment of his release, escape, or death—and the ways it was viewed by contemporary observers.
The Medieval Prison rewrites penal history and reveals that medieval society did not have a ‘persecuting mentality’ but in fact was more nuanced in defining and dealing with its marginal elements than is commonly recognized.