Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein & Imran Ali 
Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation [EPUB ebook] 

The knowledge of metal ion speciation is essential for predicting the exact toxicities of metal ion species in the environment. Metal ions can exist in various oxidation states, each of which possesses different physical and chemical properties as well as exhibit varying toxicities. Often, toxicity data is unreliable because it is based on metal io