Isabella L. Bird 
Unbeaten Tracks in Japan [PDF ebook] 
An Account of Travels on Horseback in the Interior; Including Visits to the Aborigines of Yezo and the Shrines of Nikko and Ise

Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. Separated from the main island of Japan by the Tsugaru Strait, and from Saghalien by the narrow strait of La Perouse, in shape an irregular triangle, extending from long. 139(deg) 50′ E. to long. 146(deg) E., and from lat. 41(deg) 30′ N. to lat. 45(deg) 30′ N., its most northern point considerably south of the Land’s End, Yezo has a climate of singular severity, a heavy snowfall, and, in its northern parts, a Siberian winter. Its area is 35, 739 square miles, or considerably larger than that of Ireland, while its estimated population is only 123, 000. The island is a mountain mass, with plains well grassed and watered. Impenetrable jungles and impassable swamps cover much of its area. It has several active volcanoes, and the quietude of some of its apparently extinct ones is not to be relied upon. Its forests and swamps are drained by innumerable short, rapid rivers, which are subject to violent freshets. In riding round the coast they are encountered every two or three miles, and often detain the traveller for days on their margins. The largest is the Ishkari, famous for salmon.<br><br>The coast has few safe harbours, and though exempt from typhoons, is swept by heavy gales and a continuous surf.