Refuge Must Be Given details the evolution of Eleanor Roosevelt from someone who harbored negative impressions of Jews to become a leading Gentile champion of Israel in the United States. The book explores, for the first time, Roosevelt’s partnership with the Quaker leader Clarence Pickett in seeking to admit more refugees into the United States, and her relationship with Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles, who was sympathetic to the victims of Nazi persecution yet defended a visa process that failed both Jewish and non-Jewish refugees.
After the war, as a member of the American delegation to the United Nations, Eleanor Roosevelt slowly came to the conclusion that the partition of Palestine was the only solution both for the Jews in the displaced persons camps in Europe, and for the conflict between the Arabs and the Jews. When Israel became a state, she became deeply involved in supporting the work of Youth Aliyah and Hadassah, its American sponsor, in bringing Jewish refugee children to Israel and training them to become productive citizens. Her devotion to Israel reflected some of her deepest beliefs about education, citizenship, and community building. Her excitement about Israel’s accomplishments and her cultural biases, however, blinded her to the impact of Israel’s founding on the Arabs. Visiting the new nation four times and advocating on Israel’s behalf created a warm bond not only between her and the people of Israel, but between her and the American Jewish community.
Содержание
Introduction
1. A Cautious Response to Nazi Germany
2. Partnering with Clarence Pickett
3. Responding to the Threat of War and the Nazi Assault on the Jews
4. Antisemitism and
The Moral Basis of Democracy
5. The Wagner-Rogers Bill
6. The United States Committee for the Care of European Children
7. The Emergency Rescue Committee, Sumner Welles, and the Obstacles to Rescue
8. Continuing the Fight on Behalf of Visa Applicants
9. Combating Anti-Immigrant Sentiment and Antisemitism on the Home Front
10. A Failed Attempt at Rescue
11. Responding to News of the Extermination Camps, 1942–45
12. A March to a Better Life
13. The Postwar Refugee Crisis and the Future of Palestine
14. Committing to the Establishment of a Jewish State
15. Visiting Israel as World Patron of Youth Aliyah
16. Immigrant Children and the Task of Cultural Integration
17. American Policy toward Israel in the 1950s
18. A Special Bond with Israel
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Об авторе
John F. Sears served as executive director of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute from 1986 until 1999, and as associate editor at the Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project from 2000–2007. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers: Vol. I appeared in 2007. He is also the author of Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century. He has taught at Tufts University, Boston University, and Vassar College.
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