When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it aimed to destroy Polish national consciousness. As a symbol of Polish national identity and the religious faith of approximately two-thirds of Poland’s population, the Roman Catholic Church was an obvious target of the Nazi regime’s policies of ethnic, racial, and cultural Germanization.
Jonathan Huener reveals in The Polish Catholic Church under German Occupation that the persecution of the church was most severe in the Reichsgau Wartheland, a region of Poland annexed to Nazi Germany. Here Catholics witnessed the execution of priests, the incarceration of hundreds of clergymen and nuns in prisons and concentration camps, the closure of churches, the destruction and confiscation of church property, and countless restrictions on public expression of the Catholic faith. Huener also illustrates how some among the Nazi elite viewed this area as a testing ground for anti-church policies to be launched in the Reich after the successful completion of the war. Based on largely untapped sources from state and church archives, punctuated by vivid archival photographs, and marked by nuance and balance, The Polish Catholic Church under German Occupation exposes both the brutalities and the limitations of Nazi church policy.
The first English-language investigation of German policy toward the Catholic Church in occupied Poland, this compelling story also offers insight into the varied ways in which Catholics—from Pope Pius XII, to members of the Polish episcopate, to the Polish laity at the parish level—responded to the Nazi regime’s repressive measures.
Содержание
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
List of Geographic Terms
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
Guide to Polish Pronunciation
Introduction
1. Tannenberg: The Einsatzgruppen and the Polish Clergy, Fall 1939
2. Größte Härte: The Invasion of Poland: Ideology and Execution
3. Hetzkaplan: The Polish Church and the ‘Agitator Priest’ in Nazi Ideology
4. Mustergau: The Reichsgau Wartheland as ‘Model Gau’
5. Dominselaktion: The ‘Cathedral Island Action’
6. Deportacja: The Deportation and Incarceration of the Clergy
7. Kult: Restrictions on Public Religious Life
8. Profanacja: Profanation and Plunder
9. Nationalitätenprinzip: National Segregation in Church Life
10. Dreizehn Punkte: From the ‘Thirteen Points’ to the ‘September Decree’
11. Zerschlagung: The ‘Action for the Destruction of the Polish Clergy’
12. Dachau: Polish Clergy in the Concentration Camp Dachau
13. Nonnenlager: Women Religious in the Bojanowo Labor Camp
14. Späne: Kirchenpolitik in the Warthegau, 1942-1944
15. Parafia: Parish Life
16. Konspiracja: Resistance and Conspiracy
17. ‘Et papa tacet’? Pius XII and the Church in the Warthegau
18. Kurswechsel: A Change in Course
Conclusion
Bibliography
Об авторе
Jonathan Huener is Associate Professor of History at the University of Vermont and author of Auschwitz, Poland, and the Politics of Commemoration, 1945–1979.
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