Julia Dokter 
Tempo and Tactus in the German Baroque [PDF ebook] 
Treatises, Scores, and the Performance of Organ Music

Guides modern performers and scholars through the intricacies of German Baroque metric theory, via analyses of treatises and organ music by J.S. Bach and other leading composers, such as Buxtehude, Bruhns, and Weckman.


Before the advent of the metronome ca. 1800, there was little in the way of a standardized, commonly accessible method for precisely communicating how fast musical compositions should be performed. Instead of absolute time (that is, plottable on a metronome), Baroque musicians developed notational cues for relative speed: this was accomplished primarily through combinations of time signatures and note values. Julia Dokter’s
Tempo and
Tactus in the German Baroque helps decode these tempo cues for modern performers.


Part 1 investigates metric theory in music treatises from roughly 1600 to 1790. Parts 2 and 3 explore the organ scores of pivotal composers such as J. S. Bach, Dieterich Buxtehude, Matthias Weckman, and Nicolaus Bruhns, and present case studies demonstrating how Baroque tempo indications may interact in performance situations.


Readers will discover how Baroque musicians modified the Renaissance mensural system to incorporate tempo shifts; how the various duple, triple, and compound meters interrelated; how the technical display of
stylus phantasticus writing affected tempo; how tempo words (such as allegro) functioned; and how the choice of performing forces-chorus, solo keyboard, and so on-could affect the way tempo was notated.


By addressing questions of tempo fundamental to German Baroque music, this book lays important groundwork for organists and for performers of other instrumental music of this period.

Содержание

Notes to the Reader

Introduction

The Foundation of German Baroque Tempo Theory: Michael Praetorius

Duple Meter

Triple and Compound Meter: Proportional Relationships

‘2’ and Blackened/Whitened Notation

Beat Patterns and Tempo

Source Excerpts

Tempo Words

The Functional Equivalency of
Integer Valor Duple Meters in Later Seventeenth-Century Organ Music

Stylus Phantasticus

Differentiations Between Various
Integer Valor Duple Meters in Johann Sebastian Bach’s Music

The Large Allabreve and the Kirnbergian Small Allabreve

Triple Meter and Tempo Words

Case Studies

Final Remarks, Summary, and Synthesis

Об авторе

JULIA DOKTER is an Instructor of Music History at Georgia State University. She holds a Ph.D. from Universiteit Utrecht, a DMus in organ performance, an MMus in organ performance and an M.A. in music theory, all from Mc Gill University. Before moving to Atlanta, Dokter was the organist and music director at Trinity United Church (Toronto) and First Baptist Church (Montreal).