Kenneth W. Bagnall 
Th Thorium [PDF ebook] 
Compounds with Carbon: Carbonates, Thiocyanates, Alkoxides, Carboxylates

The present volume of the Gmelin thorium series describes the solid thorium-carbon compounds with the exception of the carbides and coordination compounds of the type 4 Th An* X B, where B is a neutral ligand. The complex equilibria of the Th + ion with C-containing complexing agents are treated in the Th D1 volume. A first look into this volume demonstrates that a very large number of Thl V complexes has 4 been prepared. This may be explained by the fact that the Th + ion is the largest tetravalent ion of the periodic table. Therefore, the preparation of complexes with, e. g. , multidentate ligands can give a well-established picture of the coordination number as a function of charge and ionic radius. However, there are very few modern and updated comprehensive treatments of such data. Many compounds described in this volume are characterized by no other means than analytical composition and IR spectra (whereby IR spectra of organic Thl V salts mostly give information only on the ligand). Besides thorium carbonate and carbonato complexes, which are relevant for the environmental behaviour of this radioactive element and some organic complexes like oxalates, which are used in the field of analytical and separation chemistry nearly all other compounds described here are practically only of scientific interest. On the other hand in order to have scientifically reliable data, a very large part of these compounds needs further investigation and characterization.