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This book presents original mathematical models of residual stresses in/around isotropic components of two-component materials. In contrast to author’s previous publications, this book presents a new mathematical approach, which determines mutual interactions of stress fields around neighbouring material components. The interactions are determined by the superposition method of continuum mechanics. Results of this book are applicable within basic research (solid continuum mechanics, theoretical physics, materials science), as well as within the practice of engineering. The mathematical models in this book can be incorporated into analytical, computational and experimental models of material stresses, interactions of energy barriers with dislocations and magnetic domain walls. Material scientists and engineers can determine such numerical values of structural parameters to result in maximum values of mechanical properties of real two-component materials. The Appendix presents such mathematical topics, which are required to perform the mathematical procedures in this book.