This book is a new contribution aiming to give some last research findings in the field of optimization and computing. This work is in the same field target than our two previous books published: "Recent Developments in Metaheuristics" and "Metaheuristics for Production Systems", books in Springer Series in Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces. The challenge with this work is to gather the main contribution in three fields, optimization technique for production decision, general development for optimization and computing method and wider spread applications. The number of researches dealing with decision maker tool and optimization method grows very quickly these last years and in a large number of fields. We may be able to read nice and worthy works from research developed in chemical, mechanical, computing, automotive and many other fields.