This edited monograph includes five chapters, each detailing recent advancements in materials science research. Chapter One discusses various processes to manufacture lithium alloys and salts as well as fabricated pebbles of lithium-based ceramics with desired properties for their use as tritium breeder materials. Chapter Two examines how the mechanical performance of glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites changes according to glass fiber type, glass fiber end form, other reinforcing non-fibrous or fiber-based materials and composite manufacturing method. Chapter Three describes studies concerning the properties of synthesized organometallics. Chapter Four investigates the correlation between the surface chemistry and the corrosion resistance of silanized samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Lastly, Chapter Five describes the control methods of brittle intermetallic compounds in the welding process of titanium and other alloys.