V. Ramasamy & S. Balamurugan 
Intelligent Robots and Cobots [PDF ebook] 
Industry 5.0 Applications

Preface xxi

Acknowledgement xxvii

Part 1: Fundamentals 1

1 Cobots for Industry 5.0 Transformation 3
Ahmed F. Siddiqui, Aditya J. Paul, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Related Works 5

1.3 Io T for Industries 7

1.4 Issues with Cobots in Industry 5.0 8

1.5 Cobots in Industries 9

1.6 Automation and Cobots 11

1.7 Conclusion 13

References 14

2 Cobots as an Enabling Technique for Industry 5.0: A Conceptual Framework 19
Swati Lipsa and Ranjan Kumar Dash

2.1 Introduction 20

2.2 Industry 5.0 at a Glance 21

2.3 Industry 4.0 vs. Industry 5.0 23

2.4 Key Differences Between Robots and Cobots 25

2.5 Cobots as an Enabling Technique for Industry 5.0 26

2.6 The Contribution of Cobots Across Different Sectors 28

2.7 A Conceptual Cobot–Based Cyber-Physical System 32

2.8 The Risk and Security Issues with Respect to Cobots and Their Mitigations 37

2.9 Conclusion 39

References 40

3 Role of Cobots and Industrial Robots in Industry 5.0 43
M. Makeshkumar, M. Sasi Kumar, J. Anburaj, S. Ramesh Babu, E. Vembarasan and R. Sanjiv

3.1 Introduction 44

3.2 Role of Cobots 45

3.3 Programming Flowchart 46

3.4 Objectives of Research in Cobots 47

3.5 Capabilities and Features of Cobots for Industrial Applications 48

3.6 Industrial Developments and Different Degrees of Collaboration by Cobots 50

3.7 Cobot Applications 51

3.8 Challenges Faced by Cobots 54

3.9 Economic Impact of Cobots 55

3.10 Components Required 56

3.11 Integration of Cobots with Other Technologies 58

3.12 Discussion 59

3.13 Future Scope 60

3.14 Conclusion 60

References 61

4 The Evolution of Cobots in Intelligent Transportation Systems 65
Rahul Jethwa, Rohit Raj Pradhan, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan

4.1 Introduction 66

4.2 Uncovering Challenges in Intelligent Transportation System 68

4.3 The Role and Application of Cobots in Manufacturing and Logistics 69

4.4 Advancing Technologies Facilitating Robot and Cobot Operations in Intelligent Transportation Systems 71

4.5 Redefining Smart Transportation: The Synergy of Robotics, Cobots, and Predictive Analytics in ITS 72

4.6 A Comparative Analysis of Cobot and Predictive Protocols in Enhancing Safety and Sustainability in ITS 77

4.7 Advanced Analytics and Insights in Intelligent Transportation Systems 80

4.8 Conclusion 82

References 83

5 Low/No-Code Software Development of Cobots Using Advanced Graphical User Interface 85
N. L. Padma Swati, S. Vanshita Gupta, Vallidevi Krishnamurthy, Sujithra @ Kanmani and Surendiran Balasubramanian

5.1 Introduction 86

5.2 Cobots 89

5.3 Design of Low/No-Code–Based Cobot Development 90

5.4 Graphical User Interface Features 94

5.5 RPA vs. Low Code No Code in Cobot Development: “Low Code or RPA? Who Wins?” 97

5.6 Conclusion 102

5.7 Pros and Cons 102

References 105

6 Future Workforce for Industry 5.0 107
Huzina Saheal and Sheikh Sajid Mohammad

6.1 Introduction 108

6.2 Underlying Principles of Industry 5.0 109

6.3 Benefits for Workers in Industry 5.0 111

6.4 Challenges for Workers in Industry 5.0 113

6.5 Industry 5.0 and Employee Skills 114

6.6 Issues Related to Integration of Robots into Organizations 117

6.7 Considerations for Integration of Humans and Smart Machines in Industry 5.0 121

6.8 Reskilling and Upskilling the Workforce for Industry 5.0 123

6.9 Conclusion 125

References 126

Part 2: Applications 131

7 Intelligent Robots and Cobots: Concepts and Applications for Industry 5.0 Transformation 133
G. Ganesh Kumar and S. Kanakaprabha

7.1 Introduction 134

7.2 Systematic Review 138

7.3 Concepts of Intelligent Robots and Cobots 142

7.4 Benefits of Intelligent Robots and Cobots 145

7.4.1 Enhanced Productivity and Efficiency 145

7.5 Application Areas 147

7.6 Challenges and Considerations 150

7.7 Future Prospects and Impacts 152

7.8 Conclusion 154

References 155

8 Artificial Intelligence–Driven Cobots for Innovative Industry 5.0 Workforce 159
S. K. Manju Bargavi, K. R. Tejashvar and K.R. Tejashwini

8.1 Introduction 160

8.2 Literature Review 162

8.3 Revolution of Industry 5.0 163

8.4 Robotic Collaboration 166

8.5 Technological Issues with AI in the Cobot Age of Industry 5.0 169

8.6 Conclusion 173

References 174

9 Cobot Collaboration in the Healthcare Industry 177
V. Gopala Krishnan, R. Jayamurugan, P. Sakthivel and M. Gowtham

9.1 Introduction 178

9.2 Cobots and Their Role 178

9.3 Impact of Cobot 179

9.4 The Challenges of Deploying Cobots at Scale 180

9.5 Cobot Background 180

9.6 Benefits of Cobots 181

9.7 The Need for Cobot Regulation Frameworks 184

9.8 The Hardware Sector will be Led by Robotic Arms and Sensors 185

9.9 Testing in Laboratories and Care for Patients Have a Lot of Possibilities 185

9.10 APAC Significant Gains 186

9.11 Human Factors and Errors 186

9.12 Robots Lending a Hand During the COVID-19 Outbreak 187

9.13 Universal Robots Cobots in Healthcare 187

9.14 What Role Can Cobots Play in Enhancing Healthcare Brand Experiences? 189

9.15 The Rise of the Health Companion 191

9.16 Cobots are Revolutionizing the Field of Medicine 194

9.17 Manufacturing of Medical Devices 196

9.18 Applications Outside of Healthcare 196

9.19 Next Steps of Cobot 197

9.20 Conclusion 198

References 199

10 Robotic Arm for Industry Automation 203
Sanjeev Vyaas S., Shamsudeen Babu G., Raghulnath S. S., Manikandan P. and Joel E.

10.1 Introduction 203

10.2 Robotic Arm and Their Role in Industry 204

10.3 Desof Robotic Arm 206

10.4 Construction of Robotic Arm 207

10.5 Mechanism of a Robotic Arm 209

10.6 Working of Robotic Arm 213

10.7 How Robotic Arm are Automated 214

10.8 Industrial Automated Robotic Arm Application 216

10.9 Future Scope 217

10.10 Conclusion 218

References 218

11 Cloud-Based Cobots for Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Solution 221
Arvind Kumar and Richa Vijay

11.1 Introduction 222

11.2 Web 5.0 224

11.3 Applications and Benefits of Industry 5.0 225

11.4 Industry 5.0 Poses the Following Opportunities and Challenges 227

11.5 What Does Industry 5.0 Mean for your Strategy? 232

11.6 Understanding the Architecture and Key-Components of a Cloud-Based Cobot System 234

11.7 A Cloud-Based Cobot System Typically Consists of Several Key Components 235

11.8 Robot Collaboration Rather Than Competition 236

11.9 Web 5.0–Enabled Technologies and Cloud-Connected Robots 237

11.10 Security and Data Privacy Concerns in Cloud-Based Cobot Systems 238

11.11 6G Mobile Telecommunications 240

11.12 Case Studies of Successful Implementation of Cloud-Based Cobots in Industry 5.0 241

11.13 Challenges and Future Considerations for the Integration of Cloud-Based Cobots in Industry 5.0 242

11.14 Conclusion 243

References 244

12 Aviation Bots for Decongesting Airports 247
Saptarshi Paul

Abbreviations 248

12.1 Introduction 248

12.2 Aviation Resources 250

12.3 Understanding Real-Time Results 251

12.4 Resource Sharing and Sourcing 251

12.5 Current Aviation Bots and Their Limitations 252

12.6 Future Bots in Aviation 263

12.7 Conclusion 263

References 264

Part 3: Challenges 267

13 Cobot-Aided System for Hydroponically Grown Plants 269
Oliver Joel G., B. Jafrin Rosary, Vallidevi Krishnamurthy, Sujithra @ Kanmani and Surendiran Balasubramanian

13.1 Introduction 270

13.2 Hydroponic System 271

13.3 Cobot 273

13.4 Cobot-Aided Hydroponic System 275

13.5 i PONICS: Io T-Based Monitoring and Control System for Hydroponics Greenhouses 276

13.6 Existing Literature 276

13.7 Io T-Cobot Integrated System Architecture 283

13.8 Results 287

13.9 Conclusion 289

References 289

14 Data Analytics and Collaborative Robots in Smart Territory: Research Methodology, Applications, and Open Challenges 291
Bipradeep Biswas, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan

14.1 Introduction 292

14.2 Advancements in Data Analytics for Collaborative Robots 293

14.3 Challenges in Analysis of the Sensory Data 295

14.4 Research Gaps in Cobot-Enabled Data Analytics 297

14.5 Research Methodology in Cobot-Driven Data Analytics 299

14.6 Deployment of Tools and Techniques in Context-Aware Cobots 300

14.7 Provisions of Smart Architecture for Data Analytics in Collaborative Robots 304

14.8 Advanced Sensory-Based Framework for Big Data Analytics 305

14.9 Taxonomical Categorization of Collaborative Cobots 306

14.10 Use Cases of Cobots and Data Analytics 308

14.11 Futuristic Opportunities in Data Analytics for Collaborative Robots 310

14.12 Conclusion 314

References 315

15 Comprehensive Analysis on Design, Working, and Manufacturing of Soft Robots 317
Mithun N. S., Saravanagowri S. P., Sashankh V. R., Rithish Hari G., Nithish Kumar S., Saravanan B. K. and Ramesh Babu S.

15.1 Introduction 318

15.2 Design of Soft Robots 319

15.3 Working and Control of Soft Robots 321

15.4 Composite Soft Robots 323

15.5 Graphene Oxide Soft Robots 325

15.6 Application in Minimally Invasive Surgery 326

15.7 Challenges of Soft Robots 328

15.8 Future Scope and Development 329

15.9 Conclusion 332

References 333

16 Investigation on Deployment of Microservices for Swarm Intelligence of Collaborative Robots 337
Abhijit Bora, Jonti Deori and Uzzal Sharma

16.1 Introduction 338

16.2 Related Work 340

16.3 Objective and Focus of the Work 342

16.4 Experimental Arrangement 344

16.5 Reliability Assessment 350

16.6 Overall Discussion 351

16.7 Conclusion 352

References 352

17 Security Issues and Trends of Industrial Robots and Cobots 355
Samikshya Sarangi, Aswani Kumar Cherukuri, S. Chandramouliswaran, Annapurna Jonnalgadda and Firuz Kamalov

17.1 Introduction 356

17.2 Cobots and Industrial Bots 357

17.3 Security of Cobots and Other Bots 363

17.4 Mitigation Strategies 370

17.5 Conclusions 374

References 374

18 Blockchain Technology for the Cobot’s Cybersecurity Issues 377
B. Manikandan, G. Ganesh Kumar, S. Kanakaprabha, R. Vijaya Kumar Reddy and R. Janani

18.1 Introduction 378

18.2 Literature Review 380

18.3 Introduction to Cybersecurity 382

18.4 Cybersecurity Challenges 383

18.5 Introduction to Blockchain Technology 389

18.6 Security Features of Blockchain in Cobot’s Cybersecurity 390

18.7 Application Areas 393

18.8 Challenges and Considerations Cobots’s Cybersecurity 395

18.9 Conclusion 397

References 398

Index 401

V. Ramasamy, Ph D, is an associate professor in the Department of CSE at Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. He obtained his doctorate in computer science from Anna University, Chennai in 2021. His areas of interest include mobile cloud computing, Io T, data science, artificial intelligence and data mining. He is the author of several scholarly research papers in national and international journals and conferences. He has edited several books and guest-edited journal special issues.
S. Balamurugan, Ph D, is the Director of Research and Development, Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (i RCS), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He is also Director of the Albert Einstein Engineering and Research Labs (AEER Labs), as well as Vice-Chairman, Renewable Energy Society of India (RESI), India. He has published 50+ books, 200+ international journals/ conferences, and 35 patents.
Sheng-Lung Peng, Ph D, is a professor in the Department of Creative Technologies and Product Design, National Taipei University of Business, Taiwan. He is an honorary professor of Beijing Information Science and Technology, University of China, and a supervisor of the Chinese Information Literacy Association and of the Association of Algorithms and Computation Theory. He has published more than 120 international journal and conference papers.