Vanessa Heaslip & Bruce Lindsay 
Research and Evidence-Based Practice [EPUB ebook] 
For Nursing, Health and Social Care Students

About the authors; Introduction
Part One: Understanding research
1. Identifying the research aim
     1.1 Introduction
     1.2 Why does society want health and social care research?
     1.3 Why do researchers do research?
     1.4 What will be studied?
     1.5 Who makes the decisions?
     1.6 What do we want to find out?
     1.7 Achieving success
2. Reviewing the literature
     2.1 Introduction
     2.2 Why does a researcher need to know what’s already available?
     2.3 Understanding the context
     2.4 Understanding the existing evidence
     2.5 Can I justify my project?
     2.6 Carrying out the literature review
     2.7 Developing a search strategy
     2.8 Searching databases
     2.9 What else should be searched?
     2.10 Evaluating quality
     2.11 Conclusion
3. Designing a study
     3.1 Introduction
     3.2 The three levels
     3.3 Making sense of the levels
     3.4 Paradigms
     3.5 Methodologies
     3.6 Method
     3.7 Tools
     3.8 The research hierarchies
     3.9 External influences
     3.10 Making the final choice
4. Can it be done? Funding and ethics
     4.1 Introduction
     4.2 Who funds research?
     4.3 How much does research cost?
     4.4 Ethical issues in health and social care research
     4.5 Gaining ethical approval
     4.6 Public engagement in research
     4.7 Reading research — identifying ethical issues
5. Recruitment and data collection
     5.1 Introduction
     5.2 Recruitment issues
     5.3 Participants or subjects?
     5.4 Developing inclusion and exclusion criteria
     5.5 Selection and sampling
     5.6 Sampling
     5.7 How big should the sample be?
     5.8 Attrition
     5.9 Obtaining consent
     5.10 Giving rewards
     5.11 Data collection
     5.12 Data collection tools
     5.13 Issues in data collection
     5.14 Confidentiality and anonymity
     5.15 Conclusion
6. Data analysis
     6.1 Introduction
     6.2 Quantitative and qualitative analysis: the same but different?
     6.3 Quantitative analysis
     6.4 Measurement scales
     6.5 Types of statistical analysis
     6.6 Major methods of quantitative analysis
     6.7 Conclusion
7. What do we know now? Communicating research findings
     7.1 Introduction
     7.2 What can research tell us?
     7.3 Limits to research accuracy
     7.4 Building a body of research
     7.5 Disseminating research
     7.6 Conclusion
Part Two: Evidence-based practice
8. Reviewing the evidence
     8.1 Introduction
     8.2 Reliable, valid, relevant and applicable?
     8.3 Relevance and applicability
     8.4 Research synthesis
     8.5 Evidence from other sources
     8.6 Role of the service user
     8.7 Conclusion
9. Putting the evidence into practice
     9.1 Introduction
     9.2 The relationship between evidence and practice
     9.3 Top-down or bottom-up?
     9.4 Changing personal practice
     9.5 Practitioner inquiry
     9.6 Action research
     9.7 Conclusion
10. Audit and evaluation
     10.1 Introduction
     10.2 Audit and evaluation: what are they?
     10.3 Differentiating between audit, evaluation and research
     10.4 When to audit or evaluate
     10.5 What standards matter?
     10.6 Involving services users in audit and evaluation
     10.7 Conclusion
11. ‘Closing the circle’: issues for the future
     11.1 Introduction
     11.2 The speed of change
     11.3 New and forthcoming developments
     11.4 Predicting, creating and dealing with change: the place of research
     11.5 The international nature of health and social care
     11.6 Who will be the health and social care researchers of the future?
     11.7 Conclusion
Glossary; References; Index

Bruce Lindsay worked in health care for over thirty years after qualifying in children’s nursing and adult nursing in Sheffield. He was awarded a Ph D for his research into the development of the care of children in acute hospitals. He was a Senior Lecturer and Deputy Director of the Nursing and Midwifery Research Unit at the School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, until 2012, and was a systematic reviewer for Cochrane for fifteen years. He is now a freelance music journalist and biographer.