Steven Carnaby 
Designs for Living [PDF ebook] 
A Comparative Approach to Normalisation for the New Millennium

First published in 1999, this volume explores how the principle of normalisation informs British learning disability services by instructing them to help service users acquire behaviours and characteristics which are as ‘culturally normative as possible’. While many studies have attempted to assess the efficacy of this approach, their measurement criteria are usually based on levels of competence and participation – values themselves derived from the principle of normalisation. The case study in this volume compares services in London to services in Milan, Northern Italy, where the concept of deinstitutionalisation has been interpreted differently. Recommendations are made for increasing good practice in certain aspects of British provision. A key suggestion is that consistent, legislated training for support staff in British learning disability services might contribute towards ameliorating current difficulties described by much of the contemporary research.