Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe argues for a more comprehensive understanding of what constitutes Nazi violence and who was affected by this violence. The works gathered consider sexual violence, food depravation, and forced labor as aspects of Nazi aggression. Contributors focus in particular on the Holocaust, the persecution of the Sinti and Roma, the eradication of ’useless eaters’ (psychiatric patients and Soviet prisoners of war), and the crimes of the Wehrmacht. The collection concludes with a consideration of memorialization and a comparison of Soviet and Nazi mass crimes. While it has been over 70 years since the fall of the Nazi regime, the full extent of the ways violence was used against prisoners of war and civilians is only now coming to be fully understood. Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe provides new insight into the scale of the violence suffered and brings fresh urgency to the need for a deeper understanding of this horrific moment in history.
Innehållsförteckning
Introduction
Alex J. Kay / David Stahel
Part I. HOLOCAUST
1: Hitler’s Generals in the East and the Holocaust
Johannes Hürter
2:Jews Sent into the Occupied Soviet Territories for Labor Deployment, 1942–1943
Martin Dean
Chapter 3: Were the Jews of North Africa included in the Practical Planning for the ’Final Solution of the Jewish Question’?
Dan Michman
Part II. SINTI AND ROMA
4: ’The definitive solution to the Gypsy question’: The Pan-European Genocide of the European Roma
Wolfgang Wippermann
5: Deadly Odyssey: East Prussian Sinti in Białystok, Brest-Litovsk and Auschwitz-Birkenau
Martin Holler
Part III. ’USELESS EATERS’
6: Soviet Prisoners of War in National Socialist Concentration Camps: Current Knowledge and Research Desiderata
Reinhard Otto / Rolf Keller
7: The Murder of Psychiatric Patients by the SS and the Wehrmacht in Poland and the Soviet Union, especially in Mogilev, 1939–1945
Ulrike Winkler / Gerrit Hohendorf
Part IV. WEHRMACHT
8: Reconceiving Criminality in the German Army on the Eastern Front, 1941/1942
Alex J. Kay / David Stahel
9: Bodily Conquest: Sexual Violence in the Nazi East
Waitman Wade Beorn
Part V. MEMORIALIZATION
10: The Holocaust in the Occupied USSR and its Memorialization in Contemporary Russia
Il’ya Al’tman
Chapter 11: The Baltic Movement to Obfuscate the Holocaust
Dovid Katz
Part VI. HISTORY AS COMPARISON
12: Comparing Soviet and Nazi Mass Crimes
Hans-Heinrich Nolte
Selected Bibliography
Index
Om författaren
Alex J. Kay teaches at the University of Potsdam. He is author of Exploitation, Resettlement, Mass Murder: Political and Economic Planning for German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1940–1941.
David Stahel is Senior Lecturer at the University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia. His publications include Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East, Kiev 1941, Operation Typhoon, and The Battle for Moscow.
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