Eric Foner 
Gateway to Freedom [PDF ebook] 
The Hidden History of America’s Fugitive Slaves

When slavery was a routine part of life in America’s South, a secret network of activists and escape routes enabled slaves to make their way to freedom in what is now Canada. The ’underground railroad’ has become part of folklore, but one part of the story is only now coming to light. In New York, a city whose banks, business and politics were deeply enmeshed in the slave economy, three men played a remarkable part, at huge personal risk. In Gateway to Freedom, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Eric Foner tells the story of Sydney Howard Gay, an abolitionist newspaper editor; Louis Napoleon, furniture polisher; and Charles B. Ray, a black minister. Between 1830 and 1860, with the secret help of black dockworkers, the network led by these three men helped no fewer than 3, 000 fugitives to liberty. The previously unexamined records compiled by Gay offer a portrait of fugitive slaves who passed through New York City wherethey originated, how they escaped, who helped them in both North and South, and how they were forwarded to freedom in Canada.