This book presents a modern framework for understanding and improving agrarian sustainability and its governance. It incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and suggests a new framework for analysis of mechanisms of governance of agrarian sustainability. Moreover, all available mechanisms affecting individual and collective actions for achieving economic, social, environmental, intra and inter-generational goals of sustainable development are embraced including formal and informal institutions ("rules of the game"), "invisible hand of market" (market competition), individual initiatives (codes of behavior), contractual arrangements (private order), "visible hand of the manager"(fiat), collective decision-making (collective order), government intervention (public order), multinational actions (international order) and hybrid modes. The book provides effective tools for understanding, analyzing and improving public policies, business strategies, and individuals and collective actions for sustainable development.