“There wasn’t that many people, but they were good people.”–Madeline Gilles
“First time I ever tasted cherries or even seen a cherry tree was [in White Bluffs]. Or ever ate an apricot or seen an apricot…It was covered with orchards and alfalfa fields.”–Leatris Boehmer Reid
Euro-American Priest River Valley settlers turned acres of sagebrush into fruit orchards. Although farm life required hard work and modern conveniences were often spare, many former residents remember idyllic, close-knit communities where neighbors helped neighbors. Then, in 1943, families received forced evacuation notices. “Fruit farmers had to leave their crops on their trees. And that was very hard on them, no future, no money…they moved wherever they could get a place to live, ” Catherine Finley recalled. Some were given just thirty days, and Manhattan Project restrictions meant they could not return.
Drawn from Hanford History Project personal narratives, Nowhere to Remember highlights life in Hanford, White Bluffs, and Richland–three small agricultural communities in eastern Washington’s mid-Columbia region. It covers their late 1800s to early 1900s origins, settlement and development, the arrival of irrigation, dependence on railroads, Great Depression struggles, and finally, their unique experiences in the early years of World War II.
David W. Harvey examines the impact of wagon trade, steamships, and railroads, grounding local history within the context of American West history. Robert Franklin details the tight bonds between early residents as they labored to transform scrubland into an agricultural Eden. Laura Arata considers the early twentieth century experiences of women who lived and worked in the region. Robert Bauman utilizes oral histories to tell forced removal stories. Finally, Bauman and Franklin convey displaced occupants’ reactions to their lost spaces and places of meaning–and explore ways they sought to honor their heritage.
Innehållsförteckning
Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Preface
Michael Mays
Introduction: “Making a History of It May Help”: The Hanford Site and Its Spaces and Places of Meaning
Robert Franklin and Robert Bauman
1. An Oasis in the Desert?: White Bluffs, Hanford, and Richland, The Early Years
David W. Harvey
2. “We Worked in the Orchards and We Played in the River”: Life in the Towns of Richland, White Bluffs, and Hanford
Robert Franklin
3. Orchards and Open Arms: Women in the Priest Rapids Valley
Laura Arata
4. “It Was Like an Invasion!”: The Federal Government and the Displacement of Peoples in the Priest Rapids Valley
Robert Bauman
5. Hanford and White Bluffs Reunions: Remembering the Pre-War Communities of the Priest Rapids Valley
Robert Bauman and Robert Franklin
Appendix: Oral History Interviews
Introduction, Robert Bauman
Robert Fletcher, on Richland
Leatris Reed, on White Bluffs
Dick Wiehl, on White Bluffs
Bibliography
Contributors
Index
Om författaren
Series Editor Michael Mays is a Professor of History at WSU Tri-Cities and the Hanford History Project Director.
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