The chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews parkin and other proteins of Parkinson’s Disease. Chapter Two discusses hyperlipidemia, its impact on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the use of statins, as well as both yeast polysaccharides and other miscellaneous newer and investigational non-statin agents, to treat hyperlipidemia. Chapter Three summarizes the concept, pathogenesis, variables and treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction in severe hemorrhagic shock. Chapter Four reviews use of telomerase-targeted replicative adenoviruses for cancer treatment and diagnosis. Chapter Five evaluates the swelling and diffusional behavior of guar gum for the controlled release of bioactive agents. Chapter Six reviews both in vitro and in vivo studies that were carried out to check the activity of phytoestrogens used in topical products. Chapter Seven presents the potential application of phytoestrogens to alleviate the symptoms of climacteric. Chapter Eight provides preventive measure of developing osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving bisphophonate therapy. Chapter Nine investigates the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of glutamine on animal models and its use in the clinic. Chapter Ten presents relevant features of the glutamine role in immune pathways, energy metabolism and exercise, highlighting the relationships between glutamine supplementation and performance in adult subjects with different levels of activity.