"Advances in Medicine and Biology" presents original research results on the leading edge of medicine and biology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. This book discusses research on topics such as the cardiac signaling of insulin and estrogen hormones and protein kinase B; collaboration and conflict within maternity care; mass spectrometry studies in carnitine homeostasis; role of protein kinase B in nociception and chronic pain conditions; maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index; hydrogenases and nitrogenases as key enzymes in the production of H2 in the biological process; L-acetylcarnitine and Rett Syndrome; somatostatins and their receptors; diode laser in Stapes surgery; and CWH ubiquitin ligases and how they regulate key cellular events.