This book contains ten chapters that detail advances in health and disease. Chapter One aims to summarize and discuss the beneficial effects and secrets of the Mediterranean diet. Chapter Two aims to provide an overview of the current state of patient-centered care for infertility patients in Iran. In Chapter Three, bioactive food components and their role on human health are discussed. Chapter Four describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of Cubital tunnel syndrome. Chapter Five details Shigella. Chapter Six examines recent developments in the rationale, content, administration, and utility of psychological readiness assessments for sex reassignment surgery. Chapter Seven measures Emotional Quotient (E.Q.) in nurses, to understand how it affects them, as well as to show that it is an important tool for managers and healthcare organizations. Chapter Eight presents primary data from studying hyperhomocysteinemia in rheumatic diseases. The goal of Chapter Nine is to assess the completeness of Lyme disease and COVID-19 statistical accounting in children. Lastly, Chapter Ten discusses a different method in allergy diagnostics.